• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Slow wave waveguide for traveling wave tube comprising: - a central plate (1) comprising a beam sliding hole (2), rectilinear in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of the central plate (1), - a lower plate (6) and an upper plate (7) closing the waveguide, respectively disposed on and under the central plate (1), and - a serpentine-shaped slit (3) having its folds in the direction of the thickness of the guide.
    公开号:FR3069659A1
    申请号:FR1700801
    申请日:2017-07-27
    公开日:2019-02-01
    发明作者:Alain Durand
    申请人:Thales SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates to a delay line or slow wave guide for traveling wave tube of acronym TOP.
    In most microwave tubes the interaction between the wave and the beam is broken down into two stages:
    - a first step: obtaining a grouping of the electrons in packets, that is to say carrying out a density modulation of the beam current at the rate of the microwave signal; and
    - a second step: place the electron packets thus obtained in a phase where they are slowed down by the field in order to transfer their energy to the wave.
    In the case of TOPs, the grouping of electrons in a packet is obtained by placing the beam in the field of a traveling wave whose phase speed is equal to the speed of the electrons. In a moving frame, the electrons see the field of a standing wave. The electrons are slowed down on one alternation and accelerated on the next. A packet of electrons is formed around the phase for which we pass from an accelerating field to a decelerating field.
    A conventional waveguide, of rectangular or cylindrical section is not suitable for interaction because the phase speed of the wave which propagates in this guide is greater than the speed of light while the speed of the electrons is lower at the speed of light. In addition, an electric field parallel to the displacement of the electrons is required, while the fundamental mode of the rectilinear guides of rectangular or cylindrical section is perpendicular to the axis of the guide. To obtain a phase speed lower than that of light, a special guide called a slow wave guide or delay line is required. Most often the delay line is a periodic line obtained by translating a basic cell. This is the case of the propeller, the line with coupled cavities, the interdigital line, ...
    In the field of TOP operating at millimeter wavelengths, a delay line often called a folded guide is often used. This line is obtained by periodically positioning rectangular waveguide sections perpendicular to the beam axis, and alternately connecting the straight guide sections by plane E bends at 180 °. The side view of the folded guide is shaped like a serpentine. The beam slide hole is located in the middle of the rectangular guide cross section. The electric field in the guide is perpendicular to the long side of the guide, and therefore parallel to the movement of the electrons, which makes it possible to modulate the beam. The electron therefore moves in the sliding hole, emerges in the right guide section where it undergoes the action of the electric field (interaction space), crosses back the sliding hole and opens in the following interaction space . The electron therefore sees the successive interaction spaces with a period equal to the step of the line while the geometric period of the line is equal to twice the step. The length of the folded waveguide (right part and elbows) is determined so that the phase shift of the wave in the guide corresponds to the phase variation linked to the movement of electrons from one interaction space to the next.
    This folded guide line has an analogy with the cavity line coupled by alternating irises if we compare the straight section of rectangular guide to a cavity where the beam wave interaction occurs, and the plane bends E to the coupling irises (see figure 11a). The particularity of this line is to impose the same dimension for the width of the cavity and the width of the iris (the long side of the rectangular guide), which does not allow the bandwidth to be adjusted.
    It is known to produce delay lines as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5, which schematically represent the embodiment of the central plate which is then placed between a lower plate and an upper plate making it possible to close the waveguide.
    FIG. 1 represents a central plate 1, in which a sliding hole 2 of the electron beam is made in the lengthwise direction of the central plate 1. The central plate 1 has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped whose the faces are parallel to the axis of the sliding hole 2 and symmetrical with respect to the axis of the sliding hole 2.
    As shown in FIG. 2, a through slot 3, having a serpentine shape, is produced in the central plate 1, or in other words over the entire thickness of the plate 1, over most of the length of the central plate 1, having its folds or meanders in the width direction of the central plate 1.
    The machined central plate 1 is equivalent to two nested combs 4, 5, as illustrated in FIG. 3, connected to the ends (different hatching). It is also an alternative technology to achieve this line (using two combs and two rulers to position the combs). The pitch of the slot 3 is the distance between successive portions of the slot 3 (or successive holes) along the longitudinal axis. The geometric period of the slot 3 is equal to twice the step.
    The removal of material which accompanies the machining of the slot 3 of the central plate 1 releases the stresses which can result in deformations of the central plate 1. Thus, it can appear in particular a longitudinal displacement or a transverse displacement d one comb relative to the other, as illustrated respectively in FIGS. 4 and 5.
    The longitudinal displacement of one comb relative to the other, as illustrated in FIG. 4, modifies the width of the slot 3 which is no longer regular. Moving along the beam axis, in the sliding hole 2, an electron sees a short interaction space followed by a long interaction space (portions of the slit 3). The period of the folded waveguide, or in other words the period of the slit 3, seen by the electron beam is no longer the step of the slit 3 but about double. There is therefore a bipieriodicity which can result in a strong mismatch and risks of oscillations.
    The transverse displacement of one comb relative to the other, as illustrated in FIG. 5, results in an offset of the sliding tunnel of a tooth from one comb to the next tooth of the other comb. There is then biperiodicity and risk of oscillation. In addition, the misalignment reduces the cross section useful for transporting the beam, because it induces offset portions of the sliding hole 2, and results in a greater interception of the electron beam, which limits the average power. of the traveling wave tube using such a waveguide.
    Furthermore, a combination of the problems induced by a longitudinal sliding and by a transverse sliding of the two combs relative to each other is also possible.
    FIGS. 6 and 7 schematically represent a waveguide respectively in exploded view and in section view along the longitudinal axis of the central plate 1.
    In the example shown, the waveguide comprises a central plate 1 provided with a beam sliding hole 2, rectilinear in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of the central plate 1, and comprises a slot 3, machined at through the central plate 1. A lower plate 6 and an upper plate 7 close the waveguide, the slot 3 having its folds in the width direction of the central plate 1. In this example, in no way limiting, the folds or meanders of the folded waveguide or slot 3 are in the form of slots or rectangular.
    An object of the invention is to overcome the problems mentioned above.
    According to one aspect of the invention, a slow wave guide for a traveling wave tube is proposed comprising:
    a central plate comprising a beam sliding hole, rectilinear in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of the central plate, a lower plate and an upper plate closing the waveguide, respectively arranged on and under the central plate, and a slot folded in the form of a serpentine having its folds in the direction of the thickness of the guide, ie in the direction of the thickness of the central plate, ie at 90 ° from the direction of the width of the state of the art .
    A slow wave guide for traveling wave tube or folded wave guide whose folds or irises are in the thickness direction of the central plate, ie in the thickness direction of the guide, makes it possible not to have longitudinal and / or transverse displacement problems.
    According to one embodiment, the folds of the slow wave guide for traveling wave tubes are produced by irises present alternately in the successive blades on one side then the other of the delay line plate, and / or present alternately in the lower and upper plates facing the slots.
    The irises or folds can be made in the central plate, in the upper and lower plates, or partly in each.
    In one embodiment, a fold is in the form of a slot, or in other words of rectangular shape.
    Such a shape allows easy machining.
    Alternatively, a fold is rounded or circular.
    According to one embodiment, the central plate is made of copper, a copper alloy or molybdenum.
    The delay line plate can be made of copper, copper alloy (tungsten-copper W-Cu, molybdenum-copper Mo-Cu), molybdenum, or any other material with good thermal conductivity, and cannot be magnetized so not to disturb the magnetic focusing field of the beam.
    The use of molybdenum or a refractory material makes it possible to have a high melting temperature, which is advantageous in the event of bombardment by the electron beam.
    In one embodiment, the lower and upper plates are made of copper, a copper alloy or molybdenum.
    Making the upper and lower plates in the same material as the central plate avoids the problems of differential expansion during brazing.
    According to another aspect of the invention, a method of manufacturing a slow wave guide for a traveling wave tube is also proposed, comprising the steps consisting in:
    - drill a beam sliding hole, straight in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of a central plate;
    - drilling a series of parallel through slots in the central plate, the slots being perpendicular to the sliding hole, forming a series of blades between two consecutive parallel slots; and
    - Make irises forming the folds of a folded slot, alternately machining the successive blades on one face and then the other of the central plate, or by alternately machining the lower and upper plates opposite the parallel slots.
    In one embodiment, the method further comprises a step consisting in closing the guide by the lower plate and the upper plate, fixed respectively on the lower face and on the upper face of the central plate.
    The invention will be better understood from the study of a few embodiments described by way of non-limiting examples and illustrated by the appended drawings in which:
    - Figure 1 to 7, 11a and 11b schematically illustrate examples of embodiment of folded waveguides, according to the state of the art;
    - Figures 8 to 10, 11c, 12a to 12c schematically illustrate various embodiments of a slow wave guide, according to various aspects of the invention.
    In all of the figures, the elements having identical references are similar.
    In the present description, the embodiments described are in no way limiting, and the characteristics and functions well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail.
    Figures 8 and 9 show a folded waveguide whose folds are in the form of slots.
    A straight beam sliding hole 2 is drilled, in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of a central plate 1, and a series of parallel through slots are drilled in the central plate 1, the slots being perpendicular to the sliding hole 2, forming a series of blades between two consecutive slots, and irises are formed forming the folds of a folded slot 3, by alternately machining the successive blades on one side and then the other of the delay line plate 1, or by alternately machining lower 6 and upper 7 plates opposite the slots, or partly both.
    Thus, a waveguide is obtained comprising a central plate 1 comprising a beam sliding hole 2, rectilinear in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of the central plate 1, and comprising a folded slot 3, the central plate 1 being disposed between a lower plate 6 and an upper plate 7 closing the waveguide, the folded slot 3 having its folds in the thickness direction of the central plate 1.
    In this nonlimiting example, the folds of the folded waveguide 3 are produced by irises machined alternately in successive blades of the central plate 1 on one side and then the other of the central plate 1, or machined alternately in the plates lower 6 and upper 7 opposite the slots separating the blades, or alternatively partially in a blade of the central plate 1 and one of the lower plate 6 or upper 7.
    This example is not limiting, because any variant of folded slot 3 whose folds or meanders are in the thickness direction of the central plate 1 is suitable, for example with irises forming the folds which can be machined entirely or partially in the lower 6 and upper 7 plates. Such an example of folds of rounded or circular shape is illustrated in FIG. 10, produced alternately in the lower 6 and upper 7 plates.
    FIGS. 11a and 11b relate to lines according to the state of the art, with irises in the form of a plane bend E at 180 ° for FIG. 11a and with straight irises of length less than the pitch for FIG. 11b. These figures represent, a sectional view of the line of the central plate 1, assembled, along a plane parallel to the upper and lower faces of the central plate 1, passing through the longitudinal axis of the beam sliding hole 2. The irises 9 forming the folds are shown in gray with small dots.
    FIG. 11c represents a sectional view of the plates 1, 6 and 7 assembled, along a plane perpendicular to the upper and lower faces of the central plate 1, passing through the longitudinal axis of the beam sliding hole 2. The irises 9 forming the folds are shown in gray with small dots.
    Figures 12a, 12b and 12c show various embodiments of a waveguide according to one aspect of the invention, with folds or irises of the folded slot 3 in the form of slots, i.e. with 90 ° elbows. It can be considered, in these cases, that the folds of the folded slot 3 are produced by means of parallel through slots in the central plate 1, the slots 10 being perpendicular to the sliding hole 2, forming a series of blades between two consecutive slots . In FIGS. 12b and 12c, the graphs on the right represent the scattering diagram of the periodic line, also called the Brillouin diagram, which presents on the abscissa the phase shift of the wave for a step p (therefore of an interaction space next) and on the ordinate the pulsation ω = 2kF, F representing the frequency in Hz and β the propagation constant of the wave in rad / m.
    In this case, it is possible to consider the folded slot 3 as a series of parallelepipedic cavities 10 coupled by irises 9 also parallelepipedic.
    In the case of FIG. 12a, the characteristic of the folded slot 3 is that the width of the cavity is equal to the width of the iris, ie the thickness of the central plate 1, when the folded slot 3 is entirely machined in the central plate 1. As a variant, it is possible to choose an iris width different from the width of the cavity in order to choose the mode on which the interaction takes place and to adjust the bandwidth of the tube .
    It is possible, as a variant, as illustrated in FIG. 12b, to take an iris width less than that of the cavity, which implies a resonance frequency of the iris greater than that of the cavity: in this case the lowest frequency mode (the one with which the beam interacts) is the cavity mode. Reducing the width of the iris decreases the bandwidth of the mode (and that of the corresponding traveling wave tube), but increases the margin compared to the oscillation at frequency 2tt.
    We cannot machine an iris wider than the rest of the folded slot 3, but it is possible, as illustrated in FIG. 12c, to machine an iris by giving it the shape of a ribbed guide (or ridged guide ) to obtain a resonance frequency of the iris lower than that of the cavity. The lowest mode is then the iris mode.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Slow wave guide for traveling wave tube comprising:
    - a central plate (1) comprising a beam sliding hole (2), rectilinear in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of the central plate (1),
    a lower plate (6) and an upper plate (7) closing the waveguide, respectively arranged on and under the central plate (1), and
    - A slot (3) folded in the form of a coil having its folds in the direction of the thickness of the guide.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Guide according to claim 1, wherein the folds of the slot (3) are produced by irises present alternately in successive blades of the central plate (1) on one side and then the other of the central plate (1) , and / or present alternately in the lower (6) and upper (7) plates opposite the slots separating the blades.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Guide according to claim 1, wherein a fold is in the form of a niche.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Guide according to claim 1, wherein a fold is of rounded or circular shape.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Guide according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the central plate (1) is made of copper, copper alloy or molybdenum.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Guide according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the lower (6) and upper (7) plates are made of copper, copper alloy or molybdenum.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Method for manufacturing a slow wave guide for a traveling wave tube, comprising steps consisting in:
    - drill a beam sliding hole (2), straight in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of a central plate (1);
    - drill a series of parallel through slots in the central plate (1), the slots being perpendicular to the sliding hole
    5 (2), forming a series of blades between two consecutive parallel slots; and
    - make irises forming the folds of a folded slot (3), by alternately machining the successive blades on one face then the other of the central plate (1), and / or by alternately machining plates
    10 lower (6) and upper (7) opposite the parallel slots.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. The method according to claim 7, further comprising a step consisting in closing the guide by the lower plate (6) and the upper plate (7), fixed respectively on the lower face (6) and on the upper face ( 7) of the central plate (1).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN109308983A|2019-02-05|
    US10535488B2|2020-01-14|
    US20190035592A1|2019-01-31|
    CA3011699A1|2019-01-27|
    EP3435401A1|2019-01-30|
    FR3069659B1|2019-08-09|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4129803A|1977-04-05|1978-12-12|Louis E. Hay|Traveling wave device with cast slow wave interaction structure and method for forming|
    FR2510814A1|1981-07-29|1983-02-04|Varian Associates|SLOW WAVE TUBE STRUCTURE FORMED BY ASSEMBLY OF THREE LADDER-SHAPED BLADES|
    US20030030390A1|1999-01-14|2003-02-13|Northrop Grumman Corporation|Broadband, inverted slot mode, coupled cavity circuit|
    US20120081003A1|2010-10-04|2012-04-05|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.|Terahertz interaction circuit having ridged structure|
    KR20170025508A|2015-08-28|2017-03-08|국방과학연구소|Folded shape waveguide and traveling-wave tube having the same|
    US4586009A|1985-08-09|1986-04-29|Varian Associates, Inc.|Double staggered ladder circuit|
    FR2925217B1|2007-12-14|2013-05-24|Thales Sa|HYPERFREQUENCY STRUCTURE FOR MICROWAVE TUBE WITH PERMANENT MAGNET BEAM CONFINEMENT DEVICE AND IMPROVED COOLING|
    US8549740B1|2008-06-05|2013-10-08|Innosys, Inc|Method of manufacturing a folded waveguide|
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    JP2016189259A|2015-03-30|2016-11-04|Ｎｅｃネットワーク・センサ株式会社|Traveling-wave tube|FR3074364B1|2017-11-28|2019-10-25|Thales|INTERNAL LOAD FOR PROGRESSIVE WAVE TUBE USING A FADED DELAY LINE|
    CN112420469A|2020-11-09|2021-02-26|电子科技大学|Traveling wave tube slow wave structure suitable for high-power work|
    CN113113278A|2021-04-15|2021-07-13|电子科技大学|Similar-trapezoid staggered double-gate slow wave structure|
    法律状态:
    2019-02-01| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20190201 |
    2019-06-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2020-06-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2021-06-24| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1700801A|FR3069659B1|2017-07-27|2017-07-27|SLOW WAVE GUIDE FOR PROGRESSIVE WAVE TUBE|
    FR1700801|2017-07-27|FR1700801A| FR3069659B1|2017-07-27|2017-07-27|SLOW WAVE GUIDE FOR PROGRESSIVE WAVE TUBE|
    EP18182582.9A| EP3435401A1|2017-07-27|2018-07-10|Slow wave guide for progressive wave tubes|
    CA3011699A| CA3011699A1|2017-07-27|2018-07-18|Slow waveguide for travelling wave tube|
    US16/043,440| US10535488B2|2017-07-27|2018-07-24|Slow waveguide for travelling wave tube|
    CN201810824547.1A| CN109308983A|2017-07-27|2018-07-25|Slow wave for travelling-wave tubes is led|
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